Intervention

National and international studies listed below have identified critical elements of effective reading instruction.

• Teaching Reading (PDF 1.28MB)
• National Reading Panel (PDF 3.56MB)
• Independent Review of the Teaching of Early Reading (PDF 432KB).
• Read All About It: Scientific Evidence for Effective Teaching of Reading (PDF 8.21MB).

We know that all students learn best when teachers adopt an integrated approach to reading that explicitly and systematically teaches skills in phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary and comprehension.

The challenge for teachers, when developing reading programs is to teach all of these skills separately and in combination and take into account the needs of individual students. Explicit and systematic instruction is essential in intervention for students with complex reading difficulties.

Resources for teaching early reading 

Phonemic awareness

• University of Oregon Centre on Teaching and Learning
• Letters and Sounds Phonics Guide, Department of Education, UK
• Phonological instruction for older students.

Phonics

• University of Oregon Centre on Teaching and Learning
• Department of Education Literacy Teaching Guide: Phonics
• Phonics Instruction: Current Teaching Alerts.

Vocabulary

• University of Oregon Centre on Teaching and Learning
• Teaching Vocabulary Online
• Vocabulary - Reading Rockets.

Fluency

• University of Oregon Centre on Teaching and Learning
• Fluency Instruction: Current Practice Alerts 
• Screening, Diagnosing and Progress Monitoring for Fluency.

Comprehension

• University of Oregon Centre on Teaching and Learning
• Reading Comprehension Instruction: Current Practice Alerts
• Department of Education: Curriculum Support - Teaching Comprehension Strategies.