National and international studies listed below have identified critical elements of effective reading instruction:
We know that all students learn best when teachers adopt an integrated approach to reading that explicitly and systematically teaches skills in phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary and comprehension.
The challenge for teachers, when developing reading programs is to teach all of these skills separately and in combination and take into account the needs of individual students. Explicit and systematic instruction is essential in intervention for students with complex reading difficulties.
